The Effects Of Foreign Species Introduction On An Ecosystem :: essays research papers

The Effects of Foreign Species Introduction On An Ecosystem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effects of foreign species introduction into an ecosystem are very profound. From small microorganisms to species of large mammals, many foreign species introductions occur every day. New implications of their introduction are found just as often.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a foreign species is introduced into an ecosystem, often the ecosystem contains no natural predators for the new species. This lack of predators sometimes leads to; in conjunction with a supply of food suitable for the new species, a period of exponential growth of the species. This growth and severe increase in the size of the population can cause a shortage of food for native species. When this occurs, the native species disappear and the biodiversity in the ecosystem is reduced. The carrying capacity is also reduced because the ecosystem will not be capable of supporting the same amount of life. If one species hogs the food and does not contribute itself to the food chain, the balance is disrupted and there will be less available for the native species. Once the new species has found its ecological niche however, balance begins to restore itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the biodiversity in the ecosystem is reduced, the ability of the ecosystem to grow, or the biotic potential, is as well reduced. More species residing in an ecosystem which depend on each other allows for a greater chance of survival and perpetuation. This may occur for several reasons, for example a bee and a flower. The bee requires the pollen of the flower to make its honey. However, while gathering the pollen from the flowers, it transfers some of the pollen to female flowers, allowing them to make seeds and spawn further generations. However, a foreign species may, for example, eat the bees therefore allowing for decreased fecundity of the flowers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another implication of the introduction of foreign species into an ecosystem is the potential for toxins to be spread up the species chain is increased. For example, in ports all over the world, ships empty their ballast tanks containing large amounts of sea water, often laced with organisms not naturally found in their new region. The zebra mussel provides food for a certain type of fish, and also contains several toxins because it is a filter feeder. The level of toxins in the fish due to the biological amplification is high. But if and when a new type of fish are introduced, which eats zebra mussels and provides a more preferred food for the fish which formerly ate the mussels, a new level of biological amplification is inserted.

Business Unit 3 Constraints of Marketing

Constraints of marketing Legal aspects There are four legal aspects that can limit and constrain your marketing, these are the sales of goods act 1979, and this law means that all products must be ‘as described’ of ‘a reasonable quality’ and be suitable for everyday purpose and also any specific purpose agreed. E. g. a waterproof coat must be waterproof. Another legal aspect is the trade descriptions act this means that a product cannot be sold by misleading the buyer, in the way the product was made, what it is made of or where and when it was made.E. g. You cannot say something is handmade if it is not, and a hair dryer made for drying hair, must actually dry hair. The consumer credit act 2002 protects consumer’s rights when they buy goods on credit. Traders who offer credit must have an OFT (Office of Fair Trading) licence, this deals with the method of calculating APR (Annual Percentage Rate) the form and content of the agreement, and lenders guid elines. When lending money, businesses much have interest rates clearly stated and cannot change them after you have signed up.The Data Protection Act means that any information stored by marketers must only be used for the purpose stated when collected, it must be accurate and up to date, not kept longer than the period of time stated, and obtained fairly and lawfully. It must be kept up to date as if someone passes away you should not call asking for them. Also your information is protected from unauthorised use, and cannot be passed on to other companies without your permission. The information stored is available for your inspection and correction upon your request.Voluntary codes A voluntary constraint is when a company voluntary says they will never do something or they will always do something. This could include signing a code of practice stating certain behaviours ethically, even though it cannot be legally enforced. The ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) overlook advert isements in the UK and have been controlling non-broadcast ads for nearly 50 years. They say adverts must be decent, legal, honest, and truthful. The ads online are also subject to these rules.Most companies sign up to the ASA and then on follow their rules, if the rules are broken they are not breaking the law but the ASA will publicise this and show everyone what has happened and what they have done. 2397 ads were changed or withdrawn in 2009 by the ASA. E. g. The advert, for the Ford Ka's ‘Evil twin' featured a pigeon-bashing four wheeler that brought the wrath of animal rights activists across the country, meaning the advert never even made it to air in the UK. Pressure groups and consumerismPressure groups are groups of people who share the same interests in a business or product; these groups can persuade or force businesses to make changes to their products or services. E. g. cancer research focus on the particular smoking issue and attempt to reduce smoking. And Friend s of the Earth are a multiple cause group who seek to influence the decisions made concerning the environment. Greenpeace seek to promote environmental issues to its members and supporters. Marketing must include promotion to get people intrested. Consumerism is ‘a social movement seeking to augment the rights of buyers in relation to sellers’

Plato s View Of The City State - 993 Words

In â€Å"Plato Republic,† the view of Plato on achieving a true city with no injustice differs greatly from those of other philosophers. Although it is not conventional, the way that Plato creates a true city does work. By creating an entirely new city and adding guardians, Plato is effectively removing luxuries, thus removing the fever from the city. This is successfully transforming the city with a fever into a just and true city. In this paper, I will demonstrate that the methods that Plato exercises are effective and will create a true city-state. According to Plato, in the origin myth of the city-state, the rationale behind living in the city-state is that sharing with one another is more beneficial to individuals. This meaning that nobody is self-sufficient and that everybody needs the skills of someone else to survive. This is shown when Socrates says, â€Å"I think a city comes to be because none of us is self-sufficient, but we all need many things.†(Plato 369 b) Plato does not think that one person is able to be self-sufficient nor be a jack-of-all-trades. This is also true in the society we live in today. Dentists focus on providing health care, but give a dentist a gun to hunt for food, and chances are he will not be able to do it. Instead, Plato believes that everybody by nature is skilled to do one thing the best, meaning that somebody who is excellent at farming would make a bad doctor, and vice versa. With this theory in mind, that means that a farmer would depend onShow MoreRelatedPlato s Interpretation Of Utopia1630 Words   |  7 PagesPlato and Aristotle shared many differences despite also sharing a teacher student relationship. This essay will strive to establish their understandings of reason and the role reason plays in their comprehensions of politics, differentiating between the kinds of reason and politics produced as a result. Plato is regarded as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is recognised as the first political scientist. Plato’s interpretation of Utopia is founded upon the existence of threeRead MorePersonal Philosophy : Al Farabi1684 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle, Plato, and Socrates were the main Greek influencers of Al Farabi. Al Farabi as well as Ibn Sina have been recognized as Peripatetics or rationalists. The best known Arabic source for Al Farabi s political philosophy is his work titled The Virtuous City. In many of Al Farabi’s philosophical works the practical use of philosophy is a major concern, and while the majority of his philosophy has been influenced by Aristotelian ethics, his practical philosophy is more closely related to Plato. Plato’sRead MoreThe Republic By Plato And The Prince By Machiavelli1617 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough written nearly two centuries apart, The Republic by Plato and The Prince by Machiavelli offer important views on political philosophies of rulers. Plato writes of a perfect society where status as ruler is naturally selected through innate abilities. These abilities are used to sustain the society, better it, and preserve it. Machiavelli writes of a society where anyone can be a prince; which for our purposes is a synonym for ruler, if they follow his instructions. These instructions areRead MoreComparing Aristotle and Plato Essays1325 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Aristotle and Plato Aristotle argues that in order for a polis to emerge, a union between man and women must convene. Later a household must be introduced which unites with other households to form a village, villages come together to form city-states. This theory is Aristotle’s natural view that an individual can not be self sufficient Plato argues that, in order to achieve absolute justice, a city-state is needed. In The Republic, Plato builds around the idea of Philosopher RulersRead MorePlato Was An Ancient Greek Philosopher Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesPlato was an ancient Greek philosopher thought to have been born in 428 B.C, he was the son of Ariston and was brought up in an aristocratic way of life. Because of his social status and connections he obtained through his family, it was thought he would inevitably end up involved in Athenian political life, but this did not happen to such an extent, a friend of his, Socrates had an enormous effect on him and why he did not end up with a prominent role in politics. He explains this in his SeventhRead MorePlato, An Ancient Greek Philosopher1458 Words   |  6 Pages Plato, an Ancient Greek Philosopher by Carly Rittenmeyer Bible and the Ancient World Spring 2015 Plato, a Greek Philosopher, is known for his writings that impacted people in the Ancient Greek society. He was a free thinker and lived in a free city, Athens. He was taught by multiple teachers including Socrates who was frequently mentioned in his writings as the central character. Plato’s novel, The Republic, influenced the idea of government and shows his views on theRead MoreHistorical Events That Took Place During The Classical Period1458 Words   |  6 Pagessignificance there is no doubting that it had influenced the people born. Notorious philosopher Aristotle is no exception, contributing a great deal to the fields of mathematics, biology and ethics. His book titled Nicomachean Ethics contains his views on the ethics of mankind and how they can be applied on a daily basis. This essay will look critically at how the historical events that took place during the Classical Period may have influenced Aristotle’s work. Aristotle was born in Stagira, locatedRead MoreThe Formations Of The Mankind System1568 Words   |  7 Pagesof every individual, to ensure peace, to state the norms of social behavior; therefore they should be based on fairness and equality that are involved in the concept of justice. Since the years passed previously formed aspect of justice moved from the sphere of law and got more broaden meaning, certain definition of which was and still remains a topic of debate for theologians, philosophers and legislators. Nowadays the word justice, being on everyone s lips, is used so often that it may signifyRead MoreSocrates : The Suicide Of Socrates1405 Words   |  6 Pagestrial.Now why would anyone want to send an old man to court? Three answer is that Socrates was accused of refusing to recognize the gods recognized by the state and of corrupting the youth. Also if Socrates was convicted, he would be sentenced the death penalty(The Suicide of Socrates, 399 BC). The trial took place in the heart of the city, with a jury of 500 that sat on wooden benches surrounded by the onlookers. Socrates accusers were allowed three hours to present their case and Socrates wasRead MorePlato s Ideas For Making Life977 Words   |  4 Pagesthe yeah it is the perfect place to be at the time. This is also home to the world s first true and probably greatest philosopher: Plato. He born into a prominent and wealthy family in the city and devoted his life to one goal: helping people to reach the state of Eudimonia ( fulfillment). Plato is often confused with Socrates Socrates, he was an older friend whom taught Plato a lot, but didn t write any books. Plato wrote lots of them, 36 full dialogs beautifully crafted scripts of them imaginary

Basics of Chemical Weapons and Warfare Agents

A chemical weapon utilizes a manufactured chemical to incapacitate, harm, or kill people. Strictly speaking, a chemical weapon relies on the physiological effects of a chemical, so agents used to produce smoke or flame⠁  Ã¢â‚¬â€as herbicides or for riot control⠁  Ã¢â‚¬â€are not considered chemical weapons. Certain chemical weapons can kill large numbers of people (as weapons of mass destruction), while others are designed to injure or terrorize people. In addition to having potentially horrific effects, chemical weapons are of great concern because they are cheaper and easier to manufacture and deliver than nuclear or biological weapons. Types of Weapons The earliest chemical weapon wasnt an esoteric chemical concoction. During World War I, chlorine gas  was used as a chemical weapon, released in massive clouds by the German army to cause lung damage and terror downwind of its release. Modern chemical weapons include the following types of agents: Choking agents (phosgene, chlorine)Blister agents (nitrogen mustard, lewisite)Nerve agents (tabun, sarin, VX) How Chemical Weapons Work Chemical agents may be released as tiny droplets, similar to the action of a bug bomb used to release insecticide. For a chemical weapon to cause harm, it must come in contact with the skin or mucous membranes, be inhaled, or be ingested. The activity of the chemical agent depends on its concentration. In other words, below a certain level of exposure, the agent wont kill. Below a certain level of exposure, the agent wont even cause harm. Protective Measures Because most dont have gas masks or atropine (an injectable used when exposed to nerve agents), the best defense against chemical weapons is being informed. Realistically, you wont be on a battlefield, and are more likely to encounter an accidental chemical spill than a chemical attack. Still, in any terror or military situation, chemical weapons are far likelier than nuclear or biological weapons. There are several steps that any member of the general public should take to limit your exposure and protect yourself in the event of chemical warfare. Stay Calm: Dont panic, and try to use common sense. Have a radio (with batteries) and keep up with the news. Pay attention to civil defense advisories and think before acting. Your best defense is to face the situation with a level head.Seek High Ground: Chemical agents are denser than air. They sink to low-lying areas and follow wind/weather patterns. Seek the highest story of a building or the top of a natural land formation.Seek Open Spaces or a Self-Contained Air Supply: From a terrorist perspective, a densely populated area is a better target than somewhere uncrowded. Therefore, the threat of a chemical attack is lessened in rural areas. It makes sense to isolate your air supply because most chemical agents disperse after a certain amount of time (a notable exception is VX, which is designed to persist). Avoided exposed is a good protective measure.Use Your Senses: How do you know if you have been exposed to a chemical agent? You may not be able to see or smell one. In pure form s, most chemical weapon agents are clear liquids. Impure chemicals may be yellowish liquids. Most are odorless and tasteless, but some have a slightly sweet or fruity smell. Skin irritation, respiratory distress, and gastrointestinal upset all may signal exposure to a chemical agent. However, if you dont die within minutes, you probably wont die at all. Therefore, if you believe you have been exposed to a chemical agent, seek medical attention as soon as you feel secure.

Questions On Advanced Physiology Of Exercise - 1776 Words

KIN 560 – Advanced Physiology of Exercise Exam 1 Please type all your responses in this word document. Save the document with your last name in the file name (e.g., â€Å"KIN 560 Exam 1_Sollanek†). SAVE OFTEN AS YOU WORK. UNFORTUNATLEY, LOST WORK AS A RESULT OF COMPUTER CRASHES IS NOT A VALID EXCUSE. You must answer question #1. Of the remaining questions (#2 - #12), please answer any 7 you wish to tackle. In total, you will answer 8 of the 12 questions below. You do not need to write a book; however, you need to make sure you answer the question being asked in sufficient detail. Show me what you know. But keep an eye on the clock. You have around 15 mins to answer each question. Once complete, upload your word document into the Moodle assignment where you downloaded this word document from. Make sure you scroll down and hit the submit button. 1. Using examples from the topics in the lectures and article presentations we have had so far, identify and explore a unifying theme of this material. A unifying theme of the material thus far is skeletal muscle adaptation. We have looked at the adaptations of resistance exercise using body builders as our prime example compared to adaptations in endurance athletes such as marathon runners as well as sprinters. In the article presentations, we have also looked at diet manipulation and timing of exercise (once a day vs twice daily) and the effects on training responses. We know that the load and ATP demand play aShow MoreRelatedPopular Techniques Of Massage Dance Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesis both deeply relaxing and helps tight muscles release. For those with tight muscles or injury a contrast therapy with the use of cold stone therapy can increase the benefit of stone therapy. Thermal therapy has a powerful effect on the body s physiology. The use of hot basalt stones has a dramatic effect on certain individuals that have specific stress related muscle holding patterns. These stress related muscle holding patterns tend to be similar from person to person, yet each individuals holdingRead MoreThe Goal Of The Physical Education Teacher2356 Words   |  10 Pages1964 initiated by Henry (Collier, 2006). The primary point of this debate in physical education teacher education curriculum lies in the confliction between two knowledge areas, the science based kinesiology area (e.g., sport biomechanics, sport physiology, and sport psychology) and the subject matter knowledge which most closely related to the content in physical education (e.g., sport, games, gymnastics, fitness, and dance) (Collier, 2006). However, between these two areas, students in teacher educationRead MoreThe Need For Mindfulness Practices1562 Words   |  7 Pagessubjects, and these are truly important, but the fact is these kids are growing up in a different age; an age that people are walking around with an advanced computational devices or the equivalent of encyclopedia on their smart phones, so technology is allowing us to get access to more information at the touch of a button unlike any time before, and the question is how should the education system be transformed to get advantage of this change? What else should be taught at schools? Just think about theRead MoreThe Importance Of The Apn Professional Development Plan1705 Words   |  7 Pagespromotion of excellence in APN practice as well as a continuation to strengthen advanced nursing practice throughout the career. Creation of a development plan will help you advance in a particular goal, objective, or position. There is an ever-increasing need for APNs to keep learning and keep up with the rapid changes regarding legislation affecting health care policy, quality of and access to care, and issues surrounding advanced practice nursing. Therefore, it is critical to be proactive and take personalRead MorePro Doping in Sports Debate825 Words   |  4 Pagesusually aims to improve; but what is the difference between increasing skill and performance by training, and taking drugs? If it is the use of personal effort rather than outside help, then what of ropes, crampons and oxygen for climbing? What of advanced training by teams of spo rts physiologists who wire athletes to equipment monitoring heart, muscle, brain and nerves to optimize activity; or teams of sports psychologists improving your responses and neutralizing those observed in competitors? WhatRead MoreThe Actual Definition of Physical Therapy765 Words   |  3 Pages Physical Therapy is an exhilarating career with challenging requirements and great responsibility. The actual definition of physical therapy is â€Å"The treatment of physical dysfunction or injury by the use of therapeutic exercise.† The definition of Physical Therapist is â€Å"A person who examines your injuries, talks to you about your symptoms and progress, and helps you design and carry out your treatment plan.† They also provide services that help regain function, enhance movement, ease pain, andRead MoreHuman Reason, By, And The Truth And Sufficiency Of Its Cognition Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesHuman reason, in one sphere of its cognition, is called upon to con sider questions, which it cannot decline, as they are presented by its own nature, but which it cannot answer, as they transcend every faculty of the mind. It falls into this difficulty without any fault of its own. It begins with principles, which cannot be dispensed with in the field of experience, and the truth and sufficiency of which are, at the same time, insured by experience. With these principles it rises, in obedience toRead MoreWhat do I want to be when I’m older? Athletic Training Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pages The one question almost every young child or teenager asks themselves is, â€Å"What do I want to be when I’m older?† For many, the question remains unanswered, but for the ones who have researched careers, they may already know. Everyone has different interests; therefore, everybody will most likely want to do a different career. In life, people don’t normally end up working with their friends from high school or college; they branch off into their careers and may never really talk to them again. PeopleRead MoreThe Musculoskeletal System Is Under The Control Of The Nervous System1835 Words   |  8 Pagesfrequencies, maximal force can be exerted (Gardiner 2011). The variables being discussed in this report are the percentage of peak power decrease (in the quadriceps) between repeated sprints and either active or passive recovery; from this, two major questions arise; Is the percentage decrease in peak power on a repeated sprint significantly different between subject groups who completed an active recovery or a passive recovery? And what are the physiological mechanisms that cause a decrease in peak powerRead MoreThe Spinal Cord Is The Most Important Part Of Human Physiology Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant part of human physiology. It is the channel through which the nerves send and receive signals to and from the brain. The spinal cord is made of bones, which are commonly known as the vertebra. Osteoarthritis is a syndrome where the patient suffers from intolerable pain between any two bones of the spine. One of the best ways of getting rid of the pain is to follow joint pain exercises routine. How do the joints facilitate in functioning? When two bones are in question, friction is a must.

John F Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev Free Essays

Following World War II, the world felt the intensifying of the Cold War. Although the primary players were the United States and Russia, countries around the globe sat on the edge of their seats, waiting for the tension to rupture and a third World War to erupt. Two leaders had the fate of the world in their hands, during this era of world history, Nikita Khrushchev and John F. We will write a custom essay sample on John F Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kennedy. This paper will begin by overviewing each of these powerful leaders. Following these overviews, the leadership styles will then be compared and contrasted. In so doing, a clearer understanding will be developed of how two very different leaders could so effectively lead the two most powerful nations, during one of the most intense times in world history. John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States, leading the nation from 1961 until his assassination on November 22nd, 1963. He was the youngest person ever to have been elected as President, and the youngest President to die. He is often seen as an American martyr (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). Kennedy is known for his strong domestic and foreign policies. Although most of his civil rights policies didn’t come into full fruition until his successor, Lyndon Johnson, came into office, due to his untimely death, Kennedy was an innovator both within and outside of America’s borders. He was a visionary that had a the dedication needed to bring these visions to life. His leadership skills would be honed when a young Kennedy was finally accepted into the U.S. Navy, in 1941, where he earned the rank of lieutenant and commanded a patrol torpedo boat, or PT boat (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). In 1943, Kennedy’s leadership skills would be demonstrated, 18 years prior to his holding office and leading a nation in a tumultuous time. Kennedy’s boat, the PT-109 was rammed while involved in a military raid near the Solomon Islands. Although Kennedy was thrown across the deck and injured his back, which had previously plagued him with problems, he was able to tow a wounded man three miles across the ocean to an island. He was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, with the following citation that sums up his exemplary leadership. â€Å"During the following 6 days, (Kennedy) succeeded in getting his crew ashore, and after swimming many hours attempting to secure aid and food, finally effected the rescue of the men. His courage, endurance and excellent leadership contributed to the saving of several lives and was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service† (as cited in â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). Following World War II, Kennedy began his career in politics. In 1946, Kennedy won the vacated seat of Representative James M. Curley, by a large margin. He was reelected to this position twice, but his voting record was often contradictory to President Harry Truman, as well as divergent from the Democratic Party as a whole (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). This voting record was a demonstrative example of a Kennedy who would go on to prove that he was a man unto himself, as a future President. In 1952, Kennedy moved his political career one step forward with the defeat of Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. for Senator of Massachusetts. His bid for the position of Vice President nomination at the Democratic National Convention, in 1956, although turned down, also bolstered his career. He also adroitly handled the Civil Rights Act of 1957 by voting for final passage, but also earlier had voted for the jury trial amendment which would have made the Act quite ineffective (â€Å"John F. Kennedy†, 2005). Nikita Khrushchev was born in the village of Kalinovja, in what is now known as Kursk Oblast of the Russian Federation. He was originally trained and worked as a pipe fitter for a variety of mines, but it was during World War I, that Khrushchev’s leadership would begin to emerge, as he began to be involved in trade union activities, following the Bolshevik revolution, in 1917. A year later, Krushchev became a Party member and held various management and Party positions in both Donbass and Kiev. In 1931, he transferred to Moscow, and four years later, he became 1st Secretary of the Moscow City Committee. In 1938, he was given the position of 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Ukranian Communist Party. Krushchev continued to work his way up the Party ladder and was a member of the Politburo from 1939 (â€Å"Nikita Khrushchev†, 2005). During the Second World War, Khruschev served as a political officer, holding a rank similar to Lieutenant General, in the United States. He coordinated the defense of the Ukraine and then was the senior political officer in the South of the Soviet Union throughout the war. Stalin’s death in March of 1953 instigated a power struggle between several different factions within the Party. Khrushchev prevailed and became Party leader on September 7th, 1953 (â€Å"Nikita Khrushchev†, 2005). A Comparison of Kennedy Versus Khrushchev: Khrushchev was a powerful leader of Russia during a chaotic time. He immediately began to seek a course of reform, which was exemplified in his famous Secret Speech, that was given to the 20th Party Congress, in 1956. Khrushchev alienated himself from the more conservative members of his Party, speaking out against Stalin’s actions, especially those crimes committed during the Great Purges (Khrushchev, 1956). This is in direct comparison to Kennedy’s early leadership style. Kennedy too refused to simply do as the Democratic Party demanded. He often voted against Party lines, to the chagrin of traditional Liberals. Although both men would alienate themselves from some of their Party members, both would gain increased acceptance from more moderate Party members, and respect from many because of their willingness to do what they felt was right, not what was popular. Their dedication to their visionary leadership goals was a similarity, while their personal styles were in severe contrast. Khrushchev was often seen as uncivilized and boorish. He had a reputation for his significant temper and often resorted to interupting speakers to insult them. Khrushchev was known for pounding his fists on the table and shouting during a United Nations conference in 1960, and even taking off his shoe and pounding it violently on the table, when asked how he could oppose Western captilist imperialism given his actions to rapidly assimilate Eastern Europe (Khrushcheva, 2000). Whereas Kennedy grew up in a wealthy, refined family and would never have considered to resort to such measures to get his point across. Yet, both men were incredibly charismatic, able to eloquently express themselves and rally their citizens behind them in a call of patriotism. Although both men had significantly different styles, they were both able to manipulate the emotions of their citizens to secure their leadership position and accomplish tasks such as the development of space programs, that others afterwards were able to complete. Even today, Kennedy receives much of the credit for great steps that he only had a small part in, such as the Civil Rights Act, which was conceived by his brother Robert Kennedy, and implemented by Lyndon Johnson. Yet, because of their ability to lead, in a difficult time, both men will be remembered as powerful opposing leaders who had much in common. How to cite John F Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev, Essay examples

Significance challenges of big data research - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Significance challenges of big data research. Answer: Introduction Background of the study The entertainment industry mainly specializes in providing the customers with films, music and books that are based on audio. Most of the companies operate on a global manner and the base of customers is particularly high in countries like Germany, United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, India and Australia (Wamba et al. 2015). Most of the customers purchase the products individually such as the films, audio books and the songs along with the packages that are up for subscription. The subscription package allows the customers in downloading a number of songs and films with the help of internet for a limited period (Kim, Trimi and Chung 2014). An example of this would be the system that is prevalent in the UK. The customers can go for the Premier Package where they can download 50 films and books along with 100 songs for a period of one month at a price of 150. The customers can also read a book or watch a film at one-tenth of the price as well. The use of online streaming from the internet is also done by the customers for whom most of the companies have delivery channels consisting of cable TV operator, mobile phone and the internet. The customers have the option of choosing their method of payment such as the subscriptions based on an annual or a monthly system of debit. Most of the companies purchase the products in bulk quantities from the record companies at a decided price, which is then used by the customers by paying a price as well. This helps the companies in maintaining their margin of profit as well (Kaisler et al. 2013). Most of the companies take the help of various applications so that the business activities can be carried out in a smoother and efficient manner. This involves the use of .NET-based system that is developed in a customized manner along with trading through multimedia, subscription management and sales order processing. The companies also take the help of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system as well (Jin et al. 2015). Rationale of the study The retail industry is one of the first industries that invest hugely in integration and the collection of data of customers in the data warehouse. It helps the retail companies in taking better decisions, as the data is available to the organization regarding the customers. Since most of the decision makers do not have the ability in accessing the data whenever required, most of the companies hire consultants so that it can help in solving the data needs on a short-term manner (Marr 2015). In most of the cases, it can be seen that the data that is extracted is from the same source and is accessed by different departments without any strategy of information delivery. This had negatively affected the organization, as the reports that were being presented by the managers based on the various sources of data were lacking the integration (Hilbert 2016). The strategies and the needs of the business help in building the business intelligence and the warehouse of the data. The data warehouse is a technique in data analysis that helps in supporting the decision of the businesses by encouraging the managers so that the examination of the data can be carried out in a better way (Segarra et al. 2016). The repository way of collecting the data helps in effectively measuring the effect of the different combinations, which is inclusive of the supply chain, preference of the customers, geographic and demographic features as well, which helps in assisting the process of customer retention by the analysts. The retailers can make use of the levers such as assortment, allocation and replenishment of the products along with the pricing and promotion of the products so that it can help in optimizing the performance of the companies (Amoore and Piotukh 2015). Scope of research This particular research will help in outlining the theories that are used by the industries as well as in academics to understand the function of data warehousing in the relevant industries. The process of research will help in focusing on the development and the design of the data warehouse along with business intelligence that is inclusive of the analysis of data and presenting it in a better way so that te tools of reporting can be used in an efficient manner. The system of business intelligence will be impossible without the use of data warehouse. Aim and objectives The research process will be based on the following aims and objectives: To examine the important of data warehouse along with system of business intelligence in the entertainment industry To develop the data warehouse and the business intelligence system in the entertainment industry To examine the decision tools that will help the decision makers in taking better decisions Research Questions How to measure the importance of data warehouse and business intelligence in the entertainment industry? What are the tools that need to be developed for data warehousing and business intelligence system? How can the decision makers take better decisions through the help of various tools? Literature Review Definition According to Kimball et al. (2015), Business Intelligence (BI) helps in delivering the accurate information that will be useful for the decision makers in taking appropriate decisions within a specific time so that the decisions can be taken in an effective manner. Data warehouse is the system that that helps in consolidating and retrieving the data in a periodical manner from the source so that it can be used for the purpose of analysis. The process of updates is done in batches and not during the transaction process on a daily manner. Kaisler et al. (2013) was of the view that Data Mart is a part of the data warehouse, which helps in storing the data within the electronic repository and is not part of the organization with respect to the daily operations that are taking place. These data is applied within a particular area of the organization. Jin et al. (2015) was of the opinion that Online Analytic Processing (OLAP) is a technology that helps in managing, storing and inquiring of the data so that it can help in supporting the various uses of business intelligence. Extract, Transformation and Load (ETL) is a system that consists of various processes in cleaning, transforming, combining, archiving and structuring the data so that it can help in using the data in the data warehouse. Concepts of data warehouse Segarra et al. (2016) stated that Data warehousing is the process that helps in the collection of data so that it can be stored in the database of the managers and can be integrated at different time so that it can help in the process of decision making. The data that is collected from the various operations that are taking place within the retail companies can be stored and reconciled in the central repository so that it can help in extracting the information for the decision to be taken in a better way. According to Amoore and Piotukh (2015), Data warehouse is the conglomeration of all the different data marts that are used within the retailing industries and the storage of information is done in through a dimensional model. The data marts help in delivering the objectives of business that are present in the different departments within the organization. Data mart is a subset of the data warehouse, which helps in representing the process of business through the star schemes that are available within the retailing organization. Data warehouse data model Marr (2015) was of the view there are three levels that are present in the process of data modeling, which consists of high-level modeling that includes the features of entities, relationships and the relationships that are present with the entity. The second level consists of the mid-level modeling where the data is set by the departments and the third level that is low-level modeling helps in optimizing the performance within the organizations. Kim, Trimi and Chung (2014) was of the view that the physical data is created using the midlevel model of data and extending it by using the physical and the main characteristics of the model. The data model that is physical in nature consists of series of tables, which are also known as relational tables. Business intelligence Kimball et al. (2015) was of the view that it is a term that helps in analyzing the tools that are present in data. It helps the businesses in generating better information so that it can lead to effective decision making and in turn result in better profits for the companies. It helps the companies in analyzing the profitability ratio for the products along with the analysis of market and customers. The companies are also able to forecast and plan the products accordingly and analyze the channels of distribution so that it can help in effective marketing of the products and reach maximum number of customers for increasing the level of profits (Mackey and Gass 2015). Research Methodology It is an organized process through which the proposal is proceeded with. It gives the researcher a better point of view regarding the way of continuing with the process of research. it also enables the researcher in understanding the various techniques that are required in collecting and conducting the research process (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Types of investigation There are mainly three types of investigation process that is taken in to the proposal of the research, which are as follows: Exploratory Descriptive Explanatory Justification of the investigation chosen The following process of research will be based on the descriptive type of investigation, as the researcher will be using various concepts and theories so that it can help in understanding the profitability of the retail organization by using the data warehousing technique. Method of data collection The method of collecting the data is divided in to primary and secondary sources, which helps the researcher in continuing with the process of research (Flick 2015). The data that is primary in nature consists of the interviews and the surveys that are conducted by the researcher. The secondary sources of data consist of the books, journals and the websites of the companies so that the necessary documents can be accessed (Glesne 2015). Accessibility issues The researcher will face some difficulties in collecting the information, as it can be manipulated and can be done in an incorrect manner. These hindrances have to be taken in to account by the researcher while conducting the process of research (Brinkmann 2014). Ethical Issues The researcher has to maintain certain restrictions so that it can help in conducting the research in an organized manner. The Data Protection Act, 1998 states that the researcher has to maintain privacy and the names of the participants cannot be disclosed for the the process of research. If the research breaches the Act, then he will be liable to bear the consequences of it. Reference List Amoore, L. and Piotukh, V., 2015. Life beyond big data: Governing with little analytics.Economy and Society,44(3), pp.341-366. Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Glesne, C. (2015).Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction. Pearson. Hilbert, M., 2016. Big data for development: A review of promises and challenges.Development Policy Review,34(1), pp.135-174. Jin, X., Wah, B.W., Cheng, X. and Wang, Y., 2015. Significance and challenges of big data research.Big Data Research,2(2), pp.59-64. Kaisler, S., Armour, F., Espinosa, J.A. and Money, W., 2013, January. Big data: Issues and challenges moving forward. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 995-1004). IEEE. Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. and Chung, J.H., 2014. Big-data applications in the government sector.Communications of the ACM,57(3), pp.78-85. Kimball, R., Ross, M., Mundy, J. and Thornthwaite, W., 2015.The kimball group reader: Relentlessly practical tools for data warehousing and business intelligence remastered collection. John Wiley Sons. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Marr, B., 2015.Big Data: Using SMART big data, analytics and metrics to make better decisions and improve performance. John Wiley Sons. Segarra, L.L., Almalki, H., Elabd, J., Gonzalez, J., Marczewski, M., Alrasheed, M. and Rabelo, L., 2016. A Framework for Boosting Revenue Incorporating Big Data.Journal of Innovation Management,4(1), p.39. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Wamba, S.F., Akter, S., Edwards, A., Chopin, G. and Gnanzou, D., 2015. How big datacan make big impact: Findings from a systematic review and a longitudinal case study.International Journal of Production Economics,165, pp.234-246.