Medicine, Drugs, and the Internet Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Drugs and Cyberspace   Since the beginning of time, humans have been searching for the ultimate answer. Throughout umpteen cultures, plants as well as manufactured substances are used both for healing and to broaden perceptions and challenge reality. Drugs are a part of the incessant organic evolution of the human species towards a higher and greater intelligence, empathy and awareness or consciousness (Rushkoff, 34). Gurus and shaman have eternally incorporated plant chemicals into methods for enlightenment.   For America, the early 1950s marked the return in popularity of psychedelic drugs as a tool for sagaciousness expansion (Kuhn, 163). Timothy Leary, an icon of 60s drug subculture, as well as cybernetic psychological science explains, the psychedelic drug movement of the 60s and the personal computer movement of the 80s are inner and outer reflections of each other. Leary also argues that only if you understand something about computers, cigaret you b egin to understand psychedelic drugs (Sheff, 120).   Psychedelics deconstruct ones basic assumptions about life, presenting choices that are arbitrary to the individual and the given society. In The Doors of Perception, Aldous Huxley reflects on the capabilities of chemicals on the human mind Administered in suitable doses, peyote changes the quality of consciousness more profoundly and yet is less toxic than any other substances in the pharmacologists repetory (Huxley, 9). Douglas Rushkoff, one in the same as Leary, has written several books on the topic of psychedelics and cyberspace. He believes with the help of a psychedelic journey, one can come back from tripping and consciously choose a different reality from one thats been agreed upon... ...rception. New York Harper & Row, 1954. Kimm, Todd. Can a Man Fly on the earnings? icon. Vol. 16, Oct. 15, 1998, www.iconquest.com Kuhn, Cynthia Scott Swartzwelder Wilkie Wilson. Buzzed. New York W.W. Norton & Com pany, 1998. Leary, Timothy. High Priest. New York College Notes &Texts, Inc., 1968. Leinhard, John H. A Concern About Reality. No. 88. Nov. 1998. http//www.uh.edu/engines. McKenna, Terence. Archaic Revivals. San Francisco HarperCollins, 1991. Neumann, Peter G. Are Computers Addictive? communications of the ACM Vol. 40. No. 3 (March 1998) p. 128. Rushkoff, Douglas. Cyberia Life in the Trenches of Hyperspace. San Francisco HarperCollins, 1994. Sheff, David. From Psychedelics to Cybernetics. Publish. Feb 1992 p.120 Taylor, Eugene. Psychedelics The Second Coming. Psychology Today. Jul 1996 pp.56-59+

Graduation Speech: Thanks for the Good Times :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Hello classmates of 2012. It is almost time for us to depart from one another. We will go our own ways and achieve our goals very soon, notwithstanding ahead we go, I would like to sh are some memories with everyone. I have attended Tates Creek High School (TC) for two years. And during those two years, I have versed a lot from the school cater and from my peers. They all have taught me something new. This is what makes them so awesome.The school is small and so diverse that it makes it easier to meet everyone. It took me seven years in elementary school to get to know just about everyone, but at TC, I knew just about everyone in less than a year. The students are kind and very helpful. They help each other with assignments and help one another with catching up on homework when they have missed school. The staff here at TC are great. They help the students with questions on homework assignments and on just about anything. They are also here to listen to us and when we need someon e to talk to, we can go talk to any one of them and theyll be there to help.We receive a lot of homework everyday, but its no big deal. With many homework assignments, I am not able to slack off. I have to finish all of my assignmanets for one soil, and that reason is to not get any incomplete stamps. The homework load keeps me busy and keeps me from doing bad things that a lot of other middle school children are doing. thither are nights where I have very little time or no time at all for fun, except for the weekends. On some years of the week, I have to do things by and by school. TC has set up enrichment classes for the students to do homework. I usually sign up for homework jumpstart, that way, I am able to get a jump start on my homework. The enrichment class helps me a lot, that way Ill have time to go do other things after school.TC has high standards for education. The staff here, at TC wants all of their students to be successful people in the future. They want whats bes t for us thats why they encourage us to try our best in everything we do. Our Basic Standard Testing scores are very high.

Essay --

In this paper there will be instructions on how to break a colt. An interesting fact about horses in planetary is that they live breath run walk, to be used to ride and they enjoy it. People have a passion for them, and its viral to understand how to help stars colt to follow up as much as possible. The first thing that will be taught to one in this paper is the first thing that is needed to know to get rolling a colt which is catching them. To start off one will need to get the colt into a confined place, or a round pin where one can catch the colt easily and its the safest place to catch a colt. Corner the colt not meanly just so the place the colt is in is smaller. The norm is the colt gets scared by ones touch, so let them sniff ones hand then reach around their neck which might frighten them so just do this dance step again andthey should let up on it. Next, reach for their neck and put the lead rope around it and slide the halter on. Once your comfortable with the way your colt acts to the halter, the colt might not be ready until you have gone is to through this step a few tim...

Sickle Cell Anemia :: Health, Medicine, Cells

Sickle cellular phone genus Anemia primarily affects people with African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and Indian ancestry (Learn genetics, 2010 NHLBI, n.d. Vorvick et al., 2010). Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two sickle cell gene, one from each p bent, that cause the red blood cells to change and become crescent shaped. The cardinal problem involves hemoglobin, a component of the red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the bodys tissues and returns hundred dioxide from the tissues to the lungs (Nabili, 2008, para. 1). In sickle cell anemia, the hemoglobin is flawed. As a result, the cells become sickle shaped and cant travel as easily with blood vessels. Sickle cell anemia is an illness which has one uncreated cause, but a variety of symptoms and treatments. Like most illnesses, sickle cell anemia has one primary cause. In order for sickle cell anemia to occur, a sickle cell gene must be in herited from both the mother and the father, so that the child has two sickle cell genes (Shiel, 2006, para. 3). The sickle cell gene causes the body to make abnormal hemoglobin. As mentioned above, hemoglobin is a protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the bodys tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs (Nabili, 2008, para. 1). A person with normal red blood cell go away have hemoglobin A, however a person with sickle cell disease will have hemoglobin S (Sickle cell Disease draw of America, Inc.,2005, para 3). Normal red blood cells are usually round and soft and travel easily through small vessels however sickle cells are abnormally shaped and stiff, thus causing them to have difficulty travelling through small vessels. Sickle cells can clog vessels depriving tissues of oxygen. As spoken of in two articles, sickle cells have a shorter life span than normal red blood cells. Normal red blood cells can live great hundred da ys compared to sickle cells that only last 10 to 20 days, resulting in anemia. (Learn genetics, 2010 & Nabili, 2008) Sickle cell anemia does not only have one primary cause, but also has a variety of symptoms. Sickle cell anemia has various symptoms that whitethorn vary upon every individual. All the symptoms that a person may experience are basically the direct result of the abnormal shaped blood cells. These cells deprive tissues of oxygen and in time the lack of oxygen to the tissues indemnity the organs and leads to pain.

The Pros and Cons of Home Schooling Essay -- Home-School Education Tea

The Pros and Cons of Home Schooling Home cultivation is an important issue in the educational world today. Whether or not a parent has the safe to take their sister out of public schools to educate them at billet has become a widely talked about subject. Over the past decade, some 18,260 home schools have registered as home schools, and this number continues to grow (Clark/Havice). This issue, although intense and multi-layered, is often divided into two distinct groups-those who oppose it, thinking it prevents the child from learning the essentials for kind life, and those who advocate it, thinking that it brings the family together, allowing the parents to control what the child learns, and permits them to educate the children one on one. When investigating the importance of home schooling to children, one must see the pros and cons associated with educating the child at home. The cons of teaching children at home are evident when looking at the childs social life and fut ure educational career. in that location are 1.2 estimated million students who are educated at home out of 52.7 enrolled students in 1998 (Clark/Havice). Interaction among students in schools allows them to develop social skills necessary for life. Home schooling prevents children from fully maturing into adults because of the constant interaction among other students and teachers that they would lack. According to Mark Rages, a former home schooled student, There was no forced interaction with people such(prenominal) different from me. It was not until college that I became friends with people from different cultures or with interests that were much different than mine (Rages). There is also the belief that home-schooled students may have in any case much socialization. ... ...rned, however, the most important thing to think about what is best for the child and his/her future. Works Cited Clark, Jeffrey K., and Havice, Adam M. A Preliminary Survey Health breeding in Ind iana Home Schools. Journal of School Health Vol 73 Oct 2003 p 300. EBSCOhost. Roscoe L. West Library, Ewing, NJ. 24 Nov 2003. Cobb, Cathy. Certification Clerk for Hunterdon County.Kaplan-Leiserson, Eva. raising Evolution. JSTOR, 2002.Ray, Brian D. Customization through Homeschooling. JSTOR, 2002.Smith, Michael. Home-Schooling Today. The Washington Times Final Edition 17 March 2003 pB04. EBSCOhost. Roscoe L. West Library, Ewing, NJ. 20 Nov 2003. Wiechers, Michelle. Homeschooling Adventitious or Detrimental for Proficiency in Higher Education. JSTOR.

The Pros and Cons of Home Schooling Essay -- Home-School Education Tea

The Pros and Cons of Home Schooling Home schooling is an important issue in the educational world today. Whether or non a parent has the right to take their child out of public schools to educate them at home has become a widely talked about subject. everywhere the past decade, some 18,260 home schools have registered as home schools, and this number continues to grow (Clark/Havice). This issue, although intense and multi-layered, is often divided into two distinct groups-those who oppose it, mentation it prevents the child from learning the essentials for societal invigoration, and those who advocate it, thinking that it brings the family together, allowing the parents to control what the child learns, and permits them to educate the children champion on one. When investigating the importance of home schooling to children, one must see the pros and cons associated with educating the child at home. The cons of teaching children at home are evident when looking at the child s social life and future educational career. There are 1.2 estimated million students who are educated at home out of 52.7 enrolled students in 1998 (Clark/Havice). Interaction among students in schools allows them to develop social skills necessary for life. Home schooling prevents children from fully maturing into adults because of the constant interaction among other students and teachers that they would lack. According to Mark Rages, a former home schooled student, There was no laboured interaction with people much different from me. It was not until college that I became friends with people from different cultures or with interests that were much different than mine (Rages). There is also the notion that home-schooled students may have too much socialization. ... ...rned, however, the most important thing to think about what is best for the child and his/her future. Works Cited Clark, Jeffrey K., and Havice, Adam M. A preliminary examination Survey Health Education in Indiana Home Schools. Journal of School Health Vol 73 Oct 2003 p 300. EBSCOhost. Roscoe L. West Library, Ewing, NJ. 24 Nov 2003. Cobb, Cathy. Certification clerk for Hunterdon County.Kaplan-Leiserson, Eva. Education Evolution. JSTOR, 2002.Ray, Brian D. Customization Through Homeschooling. JSTOR, 2002.Smith, Michael. Home-Schooling Today. The Washington Times Final Edition 17 March 2003 pB04. EBSCOhost. Roscoe L. West Library, Ewing, NJ. 20 Nov 2003. Wiechers, Michelle. Homeschooling Adventitious or Detrimental for progression in Higher Education. JSTOR.

Paper

whatsoever suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will progeny in an investigation of pedantic Misconduct and may result in a O on the work, an F in the line of achievement, or possibly to a greater extent severe penalties, as puff up as a Disciplinary circuit card on your academic record under(a) the Student Code of Academic Conduct, which jackpot be found online at http//www. Reason. Ca/senate/policies/pappy. PDF. Study of Times hold at Banks Introduction The Issues that ar outlet to be studied be the factors that walk out waiting term at a Bank ripe line.Some of the consequences of ample Walt while argon guest Relation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. The motivations for this look into are the improvement of service time, add-on in the node rejoicing and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the experience, target universe and limitations for research, an explanation of the approa ch, and the expect results. Purpose The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank ND find the practical ways to avoid the delays.Scope The telescope of this project will scarce be limited to exclusively matchlessness particular branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain info for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the AD branch fit(p) on Horntail SST. Abramson. The target population for this project Includes people of all period ranges going from 12 to 100 decide most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily guests (normally in the age range of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the broad wait lines as for them time is m nonpareily. newspaper publisherThe university was founded in 1885, which was before Arizona was officially a state. Arizona holds 31,670 undergraduate students and 8951 graduate students that read the 300+ majors offered. Within these students 120 countries are re displaye d. Tuition costs $29,421 for a non-resident of Arizona. In addition, at that place is a $9,714 room and dialog box fee. To travel a Wildcat, Arizona requires 4 years of English, and either a 21 or above on the English section of the ACT or a 530 on the reading section.They similarly require 4 years of Mathematics, and a 24 on the mathss portion of the ACT or a 540 on the math part of the SAT. Arizona overly requires that students take 3 years of lab science and score a 20 or mettle someer(prenominal) on the math portion of the ACT. If students took the SAT they might want to consider taking subject tests. Arizona requires 2 years of Hi novel classes, one the Statesn history course and one another(prenominal) history course. Further much, the University of Arizona requires 2 years of consecutive classes of a second language ( two classes must be the homogeneous language). Lastly, the university of Arizona requires 1 year of fine arts.Arizona requires that you maintain a 2. 0 GAP or higher through break through your high train career. During your time In high school you piece of tail just now get lower than a 2. 0, or C, twice to scarcelyton up be eligible for admission. University of Arizona hosts a classic system hosting both fraternities and sororities. Arizona Greek system is much larger In comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus caparison holds 79% of students at Arizona In a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. At Arizona there Is a balance of males and females. % of the population Is female, leaving 48% to male population. Downtown Tucson holds plenty to do for students and acts as the perfect college town. Paper By raunchy University of Arizona higher throughout your high school career. During your time in high school you grass system is much larger in comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of stud ents at Arizona in a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus.PaperTo me there is a enormous difference in a college class discussion verse a discussion you piddle with your friend. In college classes you throw off to have a more skipper approach in how you speak or answer other classmates. When speaking to your friends who know you, they have good Judgment on when you are Joking close to or all the aforementioned(prenominal) if you are being sarcastic. I myself know that my friends and family even my co- workers all have keen Judgment on my mannerisms.My classmates however unlike my friends, family and co-workers do not know me so during class discussions I will fool sure that I fudge a point to convey my messages with respect and In a good tone so e trulyone will represent where I am coming from. I enjoy feed pricker and look forward to my classmates giving me their pollens on things and I scant Walt to see everyone elses point of view on d efinite topics we discuss.There are many contrary ways that you can demonstrate respect for your fashion plate classmates during class discussions such as good understanding, politeness and having a dogmatic attitude towards your peers. It Is good to turn up your classmates that o understand where they are coming from even if you do not agree, everyone is entitled to their own opinion and everyone has different ways of looking at certain issues.Being polite to your classmates is a great way to supply you are respecting them. We are all here to learn and grow together so together we can all achieve our goals and dreams. Approaching your classmates with a positive attitude will always send a good vibe, who has time for negativity navy? I know I certainly don so being positive towards others will go a long way. I will always track others the way I want myself and my daughter to be treated.PaperTimothy Hall, tells a story of a bold, independent, self confident, and assertive young women during the time of 1636 to 1638. Hall arranged his novel by organizing the chapters in her animation story around statements made at her trial. The study of Hutchinson life gives us the opportunity to enter into a different world of New Englands founding generation. As Halls questions what should we make of this remarkable women and her tragic fate? How did she understand herself? How did her contemporaries understand her? (Hall,2) are answered and supported throughout the novel. The answers to such questions can come only from a positive examination of Anne Hutchinson experience with religion, culture, and politics in early new-made England and its first colonies. Timothy Hall sets up the first chapter helping the readers comprehend who plainly Anne Hutchinson is, explaining where it is she came from and her back round instruction. Hutchinson was born during the Protestant Reformation, the year of 1592 in Alfred, Somerset, United Kingdom.Her parents, Francis and Mammar y were Puritans strong believers, although, they were forced to convert into the English Church. Ann.s parents had planned to raise her with Puritans beliefs, but too in healing. She was set up to marry William Hutchinson, once they planned to marry and start a family, they planned on raising their soon to be family under a Puritan roof with faithful beliefs. In order to go on with this lifestyle without persecution they planned on Joining a travel to America with other Puritans.PaperThe questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven full point scale from tapingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of node trueheartedty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroachs alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its encourage is estimated to be 0. 897. Sophisticated statistical model as explorative agent Analysis (FEE) has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance.Finally, on the basis of factor score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion (2) Provision of information (3)engagement (4)recommendation of the Product or Service(5)new brand (6) The grade of brand (7)eliminative (8) Bench Marking and (9) Environmental friendly cheek got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the call factors of client inscription in leading sell supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the have-to doe with area.Keywords Customers Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and significance In the ever-changing bank line world, almost every placement pays most attention o the nodes ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of guests, their needs and wants, their expectations on legal injury and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, guest focus on market has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs.Consumers reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have been either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just confluence the expectations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of Just quelled towards exceeding their expectations.Pleasing customers are very harder nowadays (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more thought-provoking component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the providers. in addition the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied customers Just switched to other supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not wee-wee same results in future.Thus, every organization must pay their attention in unload satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new products introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. preceding(prenominal) to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more utile in many ways for case, word of mouth.Here, word- faithfulness or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill & black lovage (2006) pointed out that only through the inscrip tion, customer safekeeping can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining customer satisfaction and customer obedience have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success.According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and also pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We try for that this research will answer the following question regarding customer dedication effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of custome r homage in leading super markets of I-J and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature round off Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship wariness. Customer satisfied with the present service of organization will likely replete if the firm does the same service later.So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers relationships needs. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world.When considering the resent states of disloyal ty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2006). Loyalty is defined as a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that glad customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an substantial role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction.However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requireme nts raised by the customers better than their rivals. realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only customers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers needs.Furthermore, Hill & Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no cream and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted) (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of pick suppliers and reluctant to change their current imputable to the cost and other bothering factors, needs spacious afford to change) (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by plenty advert and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers)(4) commonplace loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). This p aper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive price plays a significant role.Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill & Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients advocates and partners in a benefit. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid from suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not that been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study.PaperAny suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a O on the work, an F in the course, or possibl y more severe penalties, as well as a Disciplinary Notice on your academic record under the Student Code of Academic Conduct, which can be found online at http//www. Reason. Ca/senate/policies/pappy. PDF. Study of Times waiting at Banks Introduction The Issues that are going to be studied are the factors that affect waiting time at a Bank service line.Some of the consequences of long Walt time are customer Relation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. The motivations for this research are the improvement of service time, increase in the customer satisfaction and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the project, target population and limitations for research, an explanation of the approach, and the expected results. Purpose The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank ND find the practical ways to avoid the delays.Scope The scope of this project will only be limited to Just one particul ar branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain data for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the AD branch located on Horntail SST. Abramson. The target population for this project Includes people of all age ranges going from 12 to 100 specify most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily customers (normally in the age range of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the long wait lines as for them time is money.PaperThe questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven item scale from tryingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of customer loyalty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroachs alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. 897. Sophisticated statistical model as Exploratory Factor Analysis (FEE) has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance.Finally, on the basis of facto r score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion (2) Provision of information (3)engagement (4)recommendation of the Product or Service(5)new brand (6) The value of brand (7)eliminative (8) Bench Marking and (9) Environmental friendly organization got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the key factors of customer loyalty in leading retail supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area.Keywords Customers Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and Significance In the ever-changing business world, almost every organization pays most attention o the customers ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of customers, their needs and wants, their expectations on price and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, customer centered marketing has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs.Consumers reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have been either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just meeting the expectations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of Just satisfied towards exceeding their expectations.Pleasing customers are very harder today (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more challenging component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the suppliers. Besides the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied c ustomers Just switched to another supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not produce same results in future.Thus, every organization must pay their attention in complete satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new products introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. Above to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more profitable in many ways for instance, word of mouth.Here, word- loyalty or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill & Alexander (2006) pointed out that only through the loyalty, customer retention can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining custo mer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success.According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and also pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We hope that this research will answer the following question regarding customer loyalty effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of I-J and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading su per markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature Review Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship management. Customer satisfied with the present service of organization will likely satisfy if the firm does the same service later.So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers relationships needs. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world.When considering the resent states of disloyalty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2 006). Loyalty is defined as a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that delighted customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an important role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction.However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requirements raised by the customers better than their rivals. Realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only cus tomers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers needs.Furthermore, Hill & Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted) (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change) (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers)(4) Habitual loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). This paper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive p rice plays a significant role.Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill & Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients advocates and partners in a pyramid. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid from suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not yet been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study.PaperTimothy Hall, tells a story of a bold, independent, self confident, and assertive young women during the time of 1636 to 1638. Hall arranged his novel by organizing the chapters in her life story around statements made at her trial. The study of Hutchinson life gives us the opportunity to ente r into a different world of New Englands founding generation. As Halls questions what should we make of this remarkable women and her tragic fate? How did she understand herself? How did her contemporaries understand her? (Hall,2) are answered and supported throughout the novel. The answers to such questions can come only from a thorough examination of Anne Hutchinson experience with religion, culture, and politics in early modern England and its first colonies. Timothy Hall sets up the first chapter helping the readers comprehend who exactly Anne Hutchinson is, explaining where it is she came from and her back round information. Hutchinson was born during the Protestant Reformation, the year of 1592 in Alfred, Somerset, United Kingdom.Her parents, Francis and Mammary were Puritans strong believers, although, they were forced to convert into the English Church. Ann.s parents had planned to raise her with Puritans beliefs, but also in healing. She was set up to marry William Hutchins on, once they planned to marry and start a family, they planned on raising their soon to be family under a Puritan roof with firm beliefs. In order to go on with this lifestyle without persecution they planned on Joining a trek to America with other Puritans.PaperTo me there is a big difference in a college class discussion verse a discussion you have with your friend. In college classes you have to have a more professional approach in how you speak or answer other classmates. When speaking to your friends who know you, they have good Judgment on when you are Joking around or even if you are being sarcastic. I myself know that my friends and family even my co- workers all have excellent Judgment on my mannerisms.My classmates however unlike my friends, family and co-workers do not know me so during class discussions I will make sure that I make a point to convey my messages with respect and In a good tone so everyone will understand where I am coming from. I enjoy feedback and look forward to my classmates giving me their pollens on things and I scant Walt to see everyone elses point of view on certain topics we discuss.There are many different ways that you can demonstrate respect for your fellow classmates during class discussions such as good understanding, politeness and having a positive attitude towards your peers. It Is good to show your classmates that o understand where they are coming from even if you do not agree, everyone is entitled to their own opinion and everyone has different ways of looking at certain issues.Being polite to your classmates is a great way to show you are respecting them. We are all here to learn and grow together so together we can all achieve our goals and dreams. Approaching your classmates with a positive attitude will always send a good vibe, who has time for negativity navy? I know I certainly don so being positive towards others will go a long way. I will always treat others the way I want myself and my daughter to be tr eated.PaperThe university was founded in 1885, which was before Arizona was officially a state. Arizona holds 31,670 undergraduate students and 8951 graduate students that study the 300+ majors offered. Within these students 120 countries are represented. Tuition costs $29,421 for a non-resident of Arizona. In addition, there is a $9,714 room and board fee. To become a Wildcat, Arizona requires 4 years of English, and either a 21 or above on the English section of the ACT or a 530 on the reading section.They also require 4 years of Mathematics, and a 24 on the math portion of the ACT or a 540 on the math part of the SAT. Arizona also requires that students take 3 years of lab science and score a 20 or higher on the math portion of the ACT. If students took the SAT they might want to consider taking subject tests. Arizona requires 2 years of History classes, one American history course and one other history course. Furthermore, the University of Arizona requires 2 years of consecutiv e classes of a second language (both classes must be the same language). Lastly, the university of Arizona requires 1 year of fine arts.Arizona requires that you maintain a 2. 0 GAP or higher throughout your high school career. During your time In high school you can only get lower than a 2. 0, or C, twice to still be eligible for admission. University of Arizona hosts a Greek system hosting both fraternities and sororities. Arizona Greek system is much larger In comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona In a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus. At Arizona there Is a balance of males and females. % of the population Is female, leaving 48% to male population. Downtown Tucson holds plenty to do for students and acts as the perfect college town. Paper By raunchy University of Arizona higher throughout your high school career. During your time in high school you can syste m is much larger in comparison to other schools consisting of 47 sororities and fraternities. On campus housing holds 79% of students at Arizona in a total of 24 student-housing facilities. The other 21% live off campus.PaperThe questionnaire is designed by the researchers a seven item scale from tryingly disagree (-3) to strongly agree (+3) to identify variables of customer loyalty. In the present study, we, therefore, used Cockroachs alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Its value is estimated to be 0. 897. Sophisticated statistical model as Exploratory Factor Analysis (FEE) has been used. The results show that nine factors extracted from the analysis that together accounted 77. 891 percent of the total variance.Finally, on the basis of factor score, these factors were ranked (1)sales promotion (2) Provision of information (3)engagement (4)recommendation of the Product or Service(5)new brand (6) The value of brand (7)eliminative (8) Bench Marking and (9) Environmental friendly organization got the ranks of first to nine respectively and constitute the key factors of customer loyalty in leading retail supermarkets in I-J. Moreover, outcome of the research would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, policy makers and academicians, who are involved in the concerned area.Keywords Customers Customer Loyalty and Retail Supermarkets. 1. 0 Background and Significance In the ever-changing business world, almost every organization pays most attention o the customers ever than before. For any organization, good understanding of customers, their needs and wants, their expectations on price and quality of goods and services increase the potential to succeed. As a result, customer centered marketing has occupied the top place in modern marketing concept. Every organization is ready to pay any means to identify and understand the customers and their needs.Consumers reaction will be in favor of an organization when their desires and expectations have be en either met or exceeded in the course of experiencing the service. In the context of a retail supermarket, satisfaction could be interpreted as Just meeting the expectations of the customers, not any sort of exceeding or falling short of the expectations. Most of the retailers try to achieve competitive advantage by taking the responses of the customers beyond the level of Just satisfied towards exceeding their expectations.Pleasing customers are very harder today (Kettle, 2003). Customers are more challenging component for any organization rather than their competitors. Their buying behaviors are fickle, at least three times a year expecting the best deal from the suppliers. Besides the above, the worst thing is ninety percent of dissatisfied customers Just switched to another supplier without complaining to former supplier (Kettle, 2003). A marketing strategy which is considered today as the best one may not produce same results in future.Thus, every organization must pay their attention in complete satisfaction of their customers. Since, highly satisfied customers more likely become loyal customers and potentially buy the new products introducing by the company and shows the word of mouth and also pay less attention about competitors and other brands as ell. Above to all, considering cost related to customers, cost for retaining existing customers are very less than acquiring the new customers and also existing customers are much more profitable in many ways for instance, word of mouth.Here, word- loyalty or loyal customers captures the predominant place. Because, Hill & Alexander (2006) pointed out that only through the loyalty, customer retention can be secured. 2. 0 Statement of the Problems Factors determining customer satisfaction and customer loyalty have been brought to light by marketing research. But, this information still is far away for some producers engaging in the productions and services. Consequently, producers are unable to exploit this information for their success.According to Verdict consulting research (2007), retail supermarket sector in I-J is one of most competitive segments and also pointed out that this competition will create more challenging environment in maintaining their market share. However, some retailers are very successful than their competitors even during the period of European economic downturn. This encouraged the researchers to do this research. We hope that this research will answer the following question regarding customer loyalty effectively. 3. Objectives The present study has the following objectives 1. To examine necessary factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of I-J and 2. To determine the key factors of customer loyalty in leading super markets of UK. 3. To suggest some measures in order to improve the customer loyalty in leading 4. 0 Literature Review Managing customer loyalty is the one of major element of customer relationship management. Customer satisfied with the present service of organization will likely satisfy if the firm does the same service later.So every organization has struck with the question how they can increase their loyalty level by adopting the right approaches. Stone (2000) pointed out in his book that using information on the customer data base, there is no reason for a customer loyalty programmer other than finely tuned to meeting customers relationships needs. Loyalty becomes a winning factor for any organization facilitating with high productivity, solid profit and feasibility for steady expansion, competing in present world.When considering the resent states of disloyalty, it is obvious that it would damage the corporate performance by 25 to 50 percent and possibly more (Astrakhan, 2006). Loyalty is defined as a state of mind, a set of attitudes, beliefs, desires and so on (Stone, 2000). Kettle (2008) said that delighted customers become loyal to the organization and customer relationship management (CRM) plays an impo rtant role in making customers loyal. Further, among the satisfied customers, completely satisfied customers only can be a delighted one. Thus CRM has to focus on customer delight rather than satisfaction.However, Hill and Alexander (2006) argue that misunderstanding of customer loyalty by the senior manages and marketing executives have mislead strategies for securing the customer loyalty and also criticized that many of them take afford to attract the customers by giving some bribe to customers. Instead, customer loyalty has to be earned by the suppliers and customer retention can be achieved when the suppliers satisfy the requirements raised by the customers better than their rivals. Realty is that in the twenty first century, both not only customers and but also suppliers have to true, faithful and rim in meeting the customers needs.Furthermore, Hill & Alexander (2006) categorized loyalty into four types such as (1) Monopoly loyalty (where customers have little or no choice and they are completely dissatisfied and far away from devoted) (2) Cost of change loyalty (where customers have choice of alternative suppliers and reluctant to change their current due to the cost and other bothering factors, needs immense afford to change) (3) Incentive loyalty(this is the type of loyalty created by mass advertisement and targeted the customers who are not pending their own money for instance frequent business fliers)(4) Habitual loyalty(this can be viewed most commonly due to the time constraints and familiar routines, convenient location and little afford for instance filling up petrol on the way to work). This paper is focus on this Habitual loyalty. Here, convenient location, size of supermarket, variety of goods, competitive price plays a significant role.Moreover, degrees of loyalty can differ from one customer to another for instance one customer is more loyal than other. Hill & Alexander (2006) defined these degrees as suspects, respects, customers, clients a dvocates and partners in a pyramid. According to them, degrees of positive commitment increases along pyramid from suspects to partners and also distinguishes the truly loyal customers. Less loyal customer is likely to switch the supplier Based on the previous studies, we can say that there are some studies in different countries, but detailed and comprehensive studies has not yet been conducted in I-J especially in supermarket through exploratory study.PaperAny suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a O on the work, an F in the course, or possibly more severe penalties, as well as a Disciplinary Notice on your academic record under the Student Code of Academic Conduct, which can be found online at http//www. Reason. Ca/senate/policies/pappy. PDF. Study of Times waiting at Banks Introduction The Issues that are going to be studied are the factors that affect waiting time at a Bank service line.Some of the consequences of long Walt time are customer Relation and employee frustration, which leads to a bad reputation for the bank. The motivations for this research are the improvement of service time, increase in the customer satisfaction and better corporate reputation. This proposal comprises the purpose of the project, target population and limitations for research, an explanation of the approach, and the expected results. Purpose The purpose of this project is to find the causes of the delay time at a Bank ND find the practical ways to avoid the delays.Scope The scope of this project will only be limited to Just one particular branch as it would be nearly impossible to obtain data for an entire franchise. We will be looking and analyzing the AD branch located on Horntail SST. Abramson. The target population for this project Includes people of all age ranges going from 12 to 100 specify most of the data that will be collected will be based on daily customers (normally in the age r ange of 25-55) as they are considerably impacted by the long wait lines as for them time is money.

Great Depression and Technology

As Albert Einstein once said It has generate appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. Throughout the long time our technology has become more and more advanced, creating more and more inventions. Modern technology has been created to fulfill every humans needs. With such capital advancements it has become convenient for our society to turn to technology for all our questions. We have not realized that day by day technology is taking over us. legion(predicate) like to argue that it is not true, but if you were to offspring away every possible form of technology away from them, it would make living for them very difficult. immediately a day, technology has played such an important role in our lives that it seems almost impossible for umpteen of us to live without it. Being said, modern technology has produced more inconveniences than conveniences. To begin, with technology constantly advancing, umpteen have become very reliant on it, making technology almost a necessity to a persons everyday life.Almost everyone owns a car, a computer/laptop, a cell phone, and even higher advanced technology. Everywhere you go, people argon either talking on their phone or texting, However, with so much technology being provided to us, it has made us profoundly lazy and too leechlike on technology not allowing us to think for ourselves. So not only has modern technology made us lazy but in any case unintelligent. Who can remember the days when you had to go to the library to do research for a research paper, had to pick up the morning newspaper to get the in vogue(p) news, or had to buy a stamp and put a check in an envelope to pay a bill?In the last 50 years technology has undergone an amazing transformation. But with the emergence of the Internet, is our ability to access technology on a daily basis a good thing or a bad thing? (Bradley). Bradley clearly states that we no longer do simple tasks on our own we rely on technology to do them f or us. We now use Google or other search engines to look up questions, turn on a televisions to see what is going on around us, and take a picture of a bill on our cell phones to pay it. In another 50 years will we still be considered a lazy society? (Bradley). Furthermore, Although the proliferation of communications technology has made it easier than to ever to have a conversation with or write a letter to another person, it has in addition rendered us more isolated. Computers have significantly reduced the amount of personal interaction people once enjoyed. In place of the richness of human contact, many now settle for the comparatively pale pleasures of computer social networking (Wolfe). With social medias like Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter, communicating with one another has become easier than ever.But this may not always be a good thing. People can easily create fake profiles and pretend to be a young man or woman when they can be a crazed rapist or murderer. Not only that but with so many social networks, cyber bullying has change magnitude drastically. People can put whatever they want on the internet which can lower a persons self-esteem causing for them to want to kill themselves. Also, since we overhaul so much over social media, it can affect our writing skills. Many people who chat online do not use proper vocabulary.For example, kinda of writing okay, they abbreviate it writing OK. This causes us to begin writing in slang when we write papers for school. As a society we should learn face-to-face communication instead of over the internet. As final point, with new advanced machines being created and the machines being capable to do almost anything, there has been an increase in job elimination. Some of these jobs would include those of farm workers and factory workers. A technology revolution is fast replacing human beings with machines in virtually every heavens and industry in the global economy.Already, millions of workers have been per manently eliminated from the economic process, and whole work categories and job assignments have shrunk, been restructured, or disappe ard. Global unemployment has now reached its highest level since the great depression of the 1930s. More than 800 million human beings are now unemployed or underemployed in the world. That figure is likely to rise sharply amid now and the turn of the century as millions of new entrants into the workforce find themselves without jobs (Rifkin).With modern technology taking over the jobs of farm workers, factory workers, etc, people are left jobless. And living in this economy has made it very difficult for people to find new jobs. Like Rotman said, Rapid technological change has been destroying jobs straightaway than it is creating them. With technology constantly evolving day by day our society has to be more careful than ever to not let it take over us. Although for many of us it may already have.

Epistemic Opacity

Michelle Freeman 05/24/2012 English 101 Epistemic Opacity Computers, tablets, I-phones, I-pads, cellular phones, e-readers and much are now packed daily necessities as well as pleasure apparatus that society relies on exponentially to get through each day. From the m we wake until we lie our heads d deliver at night, society is constantly plugged in to some sort of technological advance. Due to this dependency on these electronic devices, society has succumb to a world of bits and bytes with no real consideration to how these tools work or provide the connection(s) we have behave to count on.Sherry Turkle, an Abby Rockefeller Mauze Professor of the sociable Studies of Science and engineering at the mamma Institute of Technology states in her essay How Computers Change the Way We Think, Some thinkers argue that the new opacity is empowering, enabling anyone to spend the most sophisticated technological tools and to experiment with in complex and creative managements. But it i s also true that our tools carry the message that they are beyond our understanding. It is possible that in daily life, epistemic opacity can lead to passivity (568).Epistemic opacity is a fancy way of saying that the understanding of how something rattling works does not mean that you dont know how to use or work that same something. Take a lawnmower for example a person of general intelligence understands that gasoline needs to be put into the locomotive in order for it to run. That same person understands that depositing of oil is equally important for the engine to maintain lubrication and cooling. A turning of a sharp blade that is powered by the engine is what cuts the grass.Intellectually we understand not only how to use the lawnmower but how the lawnmower truly works. Typically we are not passive in our acceptance of such general day to day use items, such as said lawnmower. Technology however, is antithetic. The intellectual understanding of engineering and how it act ually works does not seem to be a priority for the masses of today. The importance of understanding of personal technologies is divulge to counteracting this opacity that appears to be more(prenominal) and more prevalent as technological developments continue to progress.By not paying attention to the basic understanding of technology, we are willingly and openly allowing ourselves to be directed and manipulated in a way that removes item-by-item opportunity for spring upth and understanding where technology is concerned our development in this subject is left to creators of technology to decide. Intellectual lack and lesser intelligence regarding these tools of technology does not appear to be the consensus opinion among our fellow citizens but rather in that respect is the general thought that we are all part of a growing technological wave that makes us all smarter and more advanced.However, in all actuality, it is more that cognitively people are running the risk of intel lectual deficiency and passivity as Turkle expresses. Turkle states that soon after she joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 70s, which was coincidentally the end of an era of the slide rule and the beginning of the era of personal computers, she witnessed several sr. professors in engineering complaining that the transitions from slide rule (a mechanical analog computer used primarily for multiplication and division) to calculators had affected their students ability to deal with issues of scale (564). The Professors were arguing that when students used slide rules, they had to insert decimal points themselves. They insisted that inserting the points themselves required students to maintain a mental sense of scale, whereas those who relied on calculators made frequent errors in orders of magnitude. Because of this, the students with calculators had deep in thought(p) their ability to do back of the envelope calculations, and with that, an i ntuitive feel for the material (564).It is possible that because society accepts at face value the technology that we have come to depend on, that the level of passivity is leading to a reduced intelligence as a whole. Personal experience has led me to witness many people more interested in the brand, make and model of their personal technological items than as to how these items send, receive, record and process information. The general core mechanics of each individual piece of technology should be made common public knowledge.It is not so much that people need to understand the inner workings of every(prenominal) motherboard out there as it is that we receive a general understanding of how personal technologies work. How does a touchscreen actually operate? How can picture messages float through the air and land inside another phone or make their way to someones email inbox? What do we know really some the implication of radiation, if any regarding consistently placing technolo gy against the sides of our heads?I cannot answer these questions and many others because that information is not something readily available to or sought after by the general public. Society accepts openly that these technological items do what they are marketed and sold to do. Through blind acceptance we become susceptible to a possible wish of necessary knowledge. It is important to comprehend the effectuate and/or implications of daily use, in order to facilitate continued intellectual growth that parallels the technological boom.Charles McGrath, writer and editor program for the New York Times, touches on epistemic opacity in his essay The Pleasures of the text. McGrath is referring to text-messaging when he states text-messaging is lateral rather than penetrative, and the medium encourages blandness and even mindlessness (474). McGrath suggests that as Americans we use text-messaging with no real consideration or thought. He is referencing a common practice among individuals who use text-messaging to convey quick, mindless jargon in an efficient and non-personal way (474).This line of thought connects to opacity in that it shows how text-messaging is just one example of many how society has become so relaxed and comfortable in the use of technology that not only do we not consider how technology works, we have taken it even further and we dont even truly consider what we put out into the world with our technological devices. Society has become lazy where this is concerned. Turkle supports this idea in her aforementioned essay when she expresses her personal witness to the psychological effects of computational objects in everyday life.She states that passivity regarding technology is nice more and more apparent in that the people who built or bought the first contemporaries of personal computers understood them completely. The next generation of operating systems were more complex, but they still invited that old-time reductive understanding. Turkle states that contemporary information technology encourages different habits of mind. She goes on to say todays college students are already used to taking things at (inter)face value (568). I witness this daily in my own life every time I see my children access all different types of technology.When I ask them to explain the deeper operation of the technology they are currently using, they cannot do it. They explain it is not important to be able to use the current chosen technology. This attitude causes me concern because I worry that they are becoming a culture that does not ask the deeper questions. They just accept at (inter)face value as Turkle expressed. To grow along with the technological boom and to understand the deeper ratiocination behind the operation of said technology will keep minds active and aware.It is important that resignation to acceptance of our technological world does not continue to grow and expand. We can accomplish this by thinking for ourselves, prepar ing for our children and teaching future generations they must not blindly accept what is given to them. If they do, opacity and passivity will admit to the point that we are all walking around filled with intellectual knowledge that has been directly controlled, removing individuality of thought and expression.Technology today is an amazing and powerful thing, at times it might even be considered beautiful. I personally look forward to technological advances and the wonderful happenings that will accompany these events however, it must not be at the cost of our own personal intellectual development. Opacity and passivity are not conducive to society maintaining an upward intellectual growth regarding technology. permit us grow with and because of, technology.

Electronic Bulletin Board for Slsu Gumaca Essay

As the trend of technology rises, there is a lot of improvement and other modifications has been taken place in every technology governing bodys that ar existing. Through the creative thinking of the people nonhing is impossible when it comes to develo legg or improving new technology. Delaying training using communication devices, equipments and gadgets is not new anymore in the world of communication. It is very important to be transmitted must reach its recipient in the shortest possible time in order to obtain the essence of the schooling. A publicise wag (pin bill, pin board, notice board, or notice board in British English) is a protrude intend for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide knowledge.Bulletin boards are very much made of a hearty such as cork to facilitate addition and removal of messages, or they tooshie be placed on computer intercommunicates so people fuel leave and erase me ssages for other people to read and see. Bulletin boards are especially prevalent at universities. They are affaird by many sports groups and extracurricular groups and anything from local shops to official notices. Dormitory corridors, well-trafficked h entirely government agencys, lobbies, and ridstanding kiosks often shit cork boards affiliated to facilitate the posting of notices. At some universities, lampposts, bollards, trees, and walls often become improvised posting sites in areas where official boards are sparse in compute. profit forums are becoming a global replacement for traditional publicise boards. Online publicise boards are sometimes referred to as message boards. The basis publicize board, message board and even Internet forum are interchangeable, although often one bulletin board or message board can contain a number of Internet forums or discussion groups.An online board can serve the like purpose as a physical bulletin board. Magnet boards, or magn etic bulletin boards, are a popular substitute for cork boards because they want the problem of board deterioration from the insertion and removal of pins over time. In the present society, competition is on its peak more specifically in the fast growing technology. Technology advancement leads to more effective and progressive living. Technology conquers the world in terms of information and communication. As has been said all computers study a program, or a list of instructions to guide their activity. Sometimes the program is objectiveed, or resides, within the hardware of the computer and cannot be changed with prohibited redesigning the hardware. More often the program is entered as software into memory and maybe easily removed or altered. (Grolier Family Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, p 150) training technology has become an increasingly important grammatical constituent of an organization. Technology facilities the ongoing of affirm have been contributing to its competitive strat egy, and for those organizations, the key to survive is finished the intelligent application of this technology. With the attend of computer programs, any information and circumscribed announcements can become ease to forecast. Today, computers played an important role in every aspects of human living. Computer is a broad subject that includes a wide range of topics such as networking, software, hardware and the likes. Computers have the most development reported everyday. Such technology evolves, and benefits everyone a vast variety of innovational equipment, net software that is important in this growing technological industry. (Scott F. Midkipp, 2003)This study was designed to help SLSU Gumaca students in swelled or forecasting information and special announcements in fast and accurate service at all times. Manual system of forecasting or announcing information of SLSU Gumaca is extremely time consuming and scantily be found. The study helps eliminate the problems encounte red using the manual system. The chaos during forecasting of information and special announcements and the advancements in computer technology has pushed for the conversion of the manual system of forecasting information and special announcements into digital and electronic manner.Background of the StudyThe main purpose of the researcher is to improve the quality of bad information to all of the students of Southern Luzon State University Gumaca Campus, and to know how effective and productive it is in terms of the quality of execution and implementation. The researchers had proposed a system that is an improvement of bulletin board in the campus the data/information would be displayed in a digital way and interpreted automatically, with the help of this, the students will have a convenience in knowledgeable different essential announcements like schedules of examination, time schedule of daily activities of the institution, and other relevant information that students must know.I n connection to that the students will be inform well and the level of accuracy is highly acceptable in terms of receiving valid information. The hassle and the waste of time of distributing paper announcements and other sort of giving information to the students made the researchers decide to improve the system in order to meet the most desirability Since Information, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) world conveyed and also thats one of the reasons behind wherefore the researchers decided to make it electronic and digital for it to be decoded easily.ObjectivesThe researchers aimed to answer the following sets of objectives that are worthy for the system evaluation 1. To determine different problems in giv ing information using papers and other resourced materials. 2. To evaluate the design of the newly improved bulletin board in SLSU Gumaca. 3. To evaluate the performance of the Bulletin table in terms of the execution of the programs and other templates. 4. To determine the significant difference between the old ways and modern ways of giving information to the students. substance of the studyThe study deals with the A Electronic Bulletin Board for SLSU Gumaca Campus. This study will help the researchers and all of the Students of SLSU Gumaca to determine the importance of giving information through Digital Electronic Bulletin Board. The old or manual systems of forecasting information to the students would then be replaced by the highly advanced improvement of technology.For the prospective researchers, this study will serve as a guide for them if ever they will be conducting this kind of project study. For the Students of SLSUGumaca, it will be an effective way of receiving a val id, real time information.ResAdminStatement of the ProblemThis particular study will be undertaken to analyze the design features and the effectiveness of the proposed project authorize A Digital Electronic Bulletin Board for SLSU Gumaca. This research/study aims to answer the following questions.1. How would it be more productive for the students of SLSU Gumaca in getting information via Digital Electronic Bulletin board? 2. Why does it help a lot to both faculty and students for trading information and updates etc.? 3. What will be the appropriate design in order to catch up the attention of the students? 4. How will the proposed system be monitored and maintained? 5. What is the level of acceptability in terms ofa. security andb. reliability?c. Jjd. Jjje. Jjf. Nnng. Hhh.Scope and constraintsThe study covered only the evaluation and implementation of the Digital Electronic Bulletin Board in SLSU Gumaca. The proposed system will run only in either win XP or win7 operating system. The researchers will be using standard PC unit serves as the host that has an installed Microsoft office (2003/2007) price of admission database wherein all of the relevant information like special announcements events updates and other schedule of the activities will be stored and be encoded by the campus clerk or the person assigned to do that certain job.The designs for the templates and hardware for the proposed system will be made used of the resourced materials that are set visible and easy to use just like VB 6.0 for all of the software and templates, a flat shield wide monitor with the size of 32 and has modified and specialized features that is able to choke the software the researchers had made. VGA connectors for the cabling connections that have the measurement of not more than 100 ft. depending upon the distance and location of the widescreen monitor.The proposed system has limited special effects when it comes to the animation and transitions of the texts and other objects. The recommended screen resolution will be 19201080 it will no longer be connected to the internet.Definition of TermsThe following terms are operationally define for clear understanding of this study Evaluation is assessing and judging the value of a piece of work an organisation or a service. Its main purpose is to help an organization reflect on what it is trying to achieve, assessing how far it is succeeding, and identify required changes. Information is the data that have been nonionized and meaningful to the persons receiving it. SLSU Gumaca it is the institution wherein the study was being conducted Bulletin Board A bulletin board (pin board, pin board, notice board, or notice board in British English) is a surface intended for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide information. Digital Of pertaining to, or like the fingers or digits digitate showing information such as numerals by means of electronicsVb 6.0 is a programming language that was being used in the system Electronic of or pertaining to electrons, operating or produced by the movement of free electrons or other carries of electric charge, as in an electron tube pertaining to electronics. Database- A database is a data structure that stores organized information. Most databases contain multiple tables, which may each include several different fields. For example, a company database may include tables for products, employees, and financial records. Each of these tables would have different fields that are relevant to the information stored in the tableChapter IIREVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESThis chapter covers the review of related literature and studies the design paradigm. Literature and studies were gathered from the book, journals, internet sites, and other resources that could help the researchers fully understood the related topics relevant of the study.Bulletin boardA bulletin board (pinboar d, pin board, noticeboard, or notice board in British English) is a surface intended for the posting of public messages, for example, to advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide information. Bulletin boards are often made of a material such as cork to facilitate addition and removal of messages, or they can be placed on computer networks so people can leave and erase messages for other people to read and see. Bulletin boards are particularly prevalent at universities. They are used by many sports groups and extracurricular groups and anything from local shops to official notices. Dormitory corridors, well-trafficked hallways, lobbies, and freestanding kiosks often have cork boards attached to facilitate the posting of notices.At some universities, lampposts, bollards, trees, and walls often become impromptu posting sites in areas where official boards are sparse in number. Internet forums are becoming a global replacement for traditional bulletin boards. Onlin e bulletin boards are sometimes referred to as message boards. The terms bulletin board, message board and even Internet forum are interchangeable, although often one bulletin board or message board can contain a number of Internet forums or discussion groups. An online board can serve the same purpose as a physical bulletin board. Magnet boards, or magnetic bulletin boards, are a popular substitute for cork boards because they lack the problem of board deterioration from the insertion and removal of pins over time.A bulletin board system, or BBS, is a computer system running software that allows users to connect and log in to the system using a terminal program. at one time logged in, a user can perform functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users, either through email, public message boards, and sometimes via direct chatting. Many BBSes also offer on-line games, in which users can compete with each other, and BBSes with multiple phone lines often provide chat rooms, allowing users to act with each other. Originally BBSes were accessed only over a phone line using a modem, but by the early 1990s some BBSes allowed access via a Telnet, packet switched network, or packet radio connection.Ward Christensen coined the term bulletin board system as a reference to the traditional cork-and-pin bulletin board often found in entrances of supermarkets, schools, libraries or other public areas where people can post messages, advertisements, or community news. By computerizing this method of communications, the identify of the first BBS system was born CBBS Computerized Bulletin Board System. During their heyday from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s, most BBSes were run as a hobby free of charge by the system operator (or sysop), while other BBSes charged their users a subscription fee for access, or were operated by a business as a means of supporting their customers.Bulletin board systems were in many ways a precursor to the modern form of the World Wide Web, social network services and other aspects of the Internet. As the use of the Internet became more widespread in the mid to late 1990s, traditional BBSes rapidly faded in popularity. Today, Internet forums occupy much of the same social and technological space as BBSes did, and the term BBS is often used to refer to any online forum or message board. Although BBSing survives only as a niche hobby in most parts of the world, it is still an extremely popular form of communication for Chinese youth (see PTT Bulletin Board System). Most BBSes are now accessible over Telnet and typically offer free email accounts, FTP services, IRC and all of the protocols usually used on the Internet. Some offer access through packet switched networks, or packet radio connections.Early BBSes were often a local phenomenon, as one had to dial into a BBS with a phone line and would have to pay additional long distance charges for a BBS out of the local calling area. Thus, many users of a given BBS usually lived in the same area, and activities such as BBS meets or get togethers were common, where users of the board would gather at a local restaurant, the sysops home or similar venue and meet face to face.Research ParadigmFigure 1 Research ParadigmFigure 1 shows the process in evaluating computerized sales execution in Quickfox Computer Sales and Services plus. The process has two inputs consist of computer system database design and questionnaire.Procedures/Data CollectionThe researchers used the most common techniques of data gathering by means of survey and call into question and interview processes. First, the researchers had the survey by means of using a questionnaire then distributed to the target respondents. The questions dealt only with the topic interest of the research. And then the interview process had been done to answer one of the objectives of the study. Then, the researchers raised an other set of questions through the use of checklist questionnaire to the owner for their cooperation for another survey to test how much time consumed using the manual transaction and using the computerized transaction sales.

Acid-Base Buffers

CHEMICAL REACTIONS ACID-BASE BUFFERS Short Overview Acids and bases represent two of the most common classes of compounds. Many studies come been done on these compounds, and their answers are very important. Perhaps the most important reaction is the one in which an erosive and base are combined, resulting in the brass of weewee (in sedimentary resolving) and a salt this reaction is called neutralization. A pilot light solution is a solution that contains both an demigod and a salt containing the blend base anion in sufficient concentrations so as to maintain a relatively constant pH when either acid or base is increaseed.In this try out you volition prepare a lover solution and observe its style when mixed both with an acid and a base. You will too compare the behavior with that of solutions containing save the acid. Theory In his theory of ionization in the 1880s, Svante Arrhenius defined acids are substances which form H+ and bases as substances which form OH- in wet. He foster defined a salt as a substance other than an acid or base which forms ions in aqueous solution. Such substances are then capable of producing an galvanic current and are called electrolytes.The amount of electricity produced is directly proportional to the concentration of ions in solution. With regard to electrolytes we have learned previously that ironlike acids and strong bases ionize completely, and are therefore strong electrolytes because they produce a large electric current. Soluble salts are the other type of strong electrolytes. We also learned that wearied acids and weak bases ionize only partially in solution, producing smaller quantities of current these substances are called weak electrolytes. Materials which do not produce an electric current are called nonelectrolytes.To complete our attending, we concluded that strong electrolytes exist primarily as ions in solution, while weak electrolytes exist as both ions and molecules in solution. Nonelectr olytes moldiness exist as polar molecules only in solution. While it is useful, the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases is limited to aqueous solutions. This may seem insignificant to a learner in introductory chemistry or general chemistry, but it imposes restrictions for belowstanding more advanced topics. As much(prenominal), we now introduce two additional definitions of acids and bases, which puff out our understanding. Acid Base Arrhenius forms H+ in body of water forms OH- in water Bronsted-Lowry donates H+ (proton) to base accepts H+ (proton) from acid Lewis accepts electron cope with from base donates electron p line of credit to acid The Bronsted-Lowry concept of acids and bases was introduced by Johannes Bronsted and Thomas Lowry in 1923, and led to an understanding of many proton transfer reactions observed to occur in both non-aqueous and aqueous solutions. Gilbert Newton Lewis quickly recognized that a substance which is a proton acceptor mus t also be one which contains an unshared valence electron pair to accept the positive charge. He therefore proposed his own theory of acids and bases based upon electron transfer rather than proton transfer. The Lewis acid-base concept is the most general and allows us to understand reactions which may not involve proton transfer. However, the Bronsted-Lowry concept provides the simplest description of acid-base buffer solutions, and it is this one which we will utilize in further discussion.We will use the formula HA for an acid and B for a base in our discussion. Accordingly, the reaction among an acid and base is described by 1. HA + B (A- + BH+ 1 In the reaction above, the products which are produced are A-. and BH+. A- is called the merge base of HA because it has donated a proton (H+) to the base B . Likewise, BH+ is the conjugate acid of B since it has accepted the proton from HA. The substances HA and A- are called a conjugate acid-base pair. Likewise, BH+ and B are also a conjugate acid-base pair. Some common acid-base pairs are H3O1+ / H2OH2O / OH1-HCl / Cl1- HNO3 / NO31-H2SO4 / HSO41-HSO41- / SO42-CH3COOH / CH3COO1-( acetate)NH41+ / NH3(ammonium) H2CO3 / HCO31-(bicarbonate)H2PO41- / HPO42- (phosphate) The first two pairs show that hydronium ion and hydroxide ion are the conjugate acid and base, respectively, of water. It is the relative concentration of these two ions that determine whether a solution is acidic (H3O+ > OH-), basic (H3O+ < OH-), or neutral (H3O+ = OH-). To accomplish this, we measure the pH of the solution. A pH < 7 is acidic, pH >7 is alka line of products (or basic), and pH = 7 is neutral. pH is defined by the equation pH = -log10 H3O+. An buffer solution must contain both a weak acid and a salt of its conjugate base.Since HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 are all strong acids, these substances will ionize completely and their concentrations will be too insignificant to maintain constant pH values. On the other hand, a weak acid such as acetic acid, CH3COOH, only ionizes to a small extent, so the both the undissociated acid and its anion can exist in sufficient concentration in solution to maintain constant pH. When the acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer is prepared the pursuance equilibrium is established. CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) ( H3O1+ + CH3COO1-2 The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is Ka = pic= 1. 75 x 10-5 . Therefore, pH = pKa + log10pic. 3 Equation 3 above is called the Henderson-Hasselbach equation.The equation shows that because the acetate/acetic acid ratio does not change significantly du annulus most reactions, thus resulting in a relatively constant pH. When a strong base such as sodium hydroxide is added, the acetic acid in the buffer reacts with the hydroxide ion to produce additional acetate ion (4). When a strong acid such as HCl is added to the buffer, the acetate ion will react with the hydronium ion to produce additional acetic acid (5). CH3COOH (aq) + OH1- CH3COO1- + H2O (l )4 CH3COO1- + + H3O1+ CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l)5 The predominant event of the reactions is that the concentration of H3O+ and OH- do not increase or decrease significantly during the reactions.However, continued addition of NaOH will eventually consume all of the acetic acid present in the buffer, resulting in a sharp rise in pH. Likewise, addition of a large quantity of HCl will consume all of the acetate ion in the buffer, causing the pH to drop sharply. The amount of strong acid or strong base that can be added to a given mickle of a buffer system without a significant change in pH (( 1 unit) is known as the buffering capacity. A buffer system such as CH3COOH / CH3COO1- is representative of an acidic buffer, because the molecular component is a weak acid. On the other hand, a basic buffer solution would contain the acid salt of a weak base in addition to the weak base itself. The NH41+ / NH3 buffer is an example of a basic buffer.Biological systems use buffers to maintain close physiological conditions. In this regard the bicarbonate and phosphate buffers listed earlier are the two most significant buffers of body fluids. (See the article Chemistry and Life lineage as a Buffered Solution on page 669 of Chemistry The Central Science, 9th Ed. , Brown, LeMay, & Bursten. For more background information, you should review chapter 16 Acid-Base Equilibria in Chemistry The Central Science, 9th Ed. , . usage 1. Examination of the Buffer Properties of a Diprotic Acid Salt, Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate picpic potassium hydrogen phthalatephthalate A. Chemicals and ApparatusChemicals Water Solidspotassium hydrogen phthalate (KHC8H4O4 , KHP, 204. 22 g/mole) Solutions 0. 10 M HCl(aq) , 0. 10 M NaOH(aq) (from Acid-Base Titrations experiment), pH 7 buffer solutions Apparatus Balances, beakers, burettes, buret clamps, Erlenmeyer flasks, receive cylinders, hot plate, pH meters, ring stands, volumetric pipets, pipet pumps, volumetric flasks sanctuary Equipment goggles, g loves, hood. ObjectivesIn this experiment you will learn to 1. prepare a 0. 10 M KHP solution from a solid and water 2. prepare a solution of the phthalate anion from 0. 10 M KHP and NaOH solutions 3. repare a buffer solution containing both the hydrogen phthalate and the phthalate ions 4. measure the pH of the buffer solution 5. measure the pH as HCl is added to the buffer solution 6. measure the pH as NaOH is added to the buffer solution 7. compare the buffer solution with both a strong acid and a weak acid B. Procedure Part I. Preparation of Solutions CAUTION Use extreme caution while handling the burets, volumetric pipets, and volumetric flasks. (Student 1) 1. Obtain 250 mL of distilled water in a 400-mL beaker from the DW tap at the sink between the two hoods on the side wall. Add 3 teflon boiling chips to the water, and boil the water for five minutes on a hot plate set on medium high.This will drive off dissolved CO2 from the water which may interfere with the experiment. All ow the water to cool to room temperature. 2. Obtain a pH meter from the instructor. Remove the rubber bakshish from the electrode and place the electrode in a beaker containing 10 mL of pH 7 buffer. Soak the electrode in the buffer solution for five minutes to condition the electrode. Discard the buffer in the sink. 3. Refer to the instructions for using the pH meter. Standardize the meter to pH 7. 00 using a fresh sample of pH 7 buffer. (Student 2) 4. Obtain the following items from the instructor 1 100-mL volumetric flask, with stopper 2 burets, 2 buret clamps, and 2 ring stands 2 10-mL volumetric pipets, and pipet pumpsAttach the buret clamp to the ring stand. 5. Clean the flask with soap and water, and rinse carefully with two 10-mL portions of distilled water. 6. Clean the burets with tap water, followed by two rinses with distilled water. Then place each buret in the buret clamp on the ring stand. Label one of the burets NaOH and the other one HCl. 7. Clean the pipets with ta p water, followed by two rinses with distilled water. Label one pipetA and the other B. 8. sprout 125 mL of 0. 10 M NaOH from the hood into a 250-mL beaker. Label the beaker. Record the concentration on line 16 of your lab report. 9. Pour 80 mL of 0. 10 M HCl from the hood into a 150-mL beaker. Label the beaker. 10.If it is open, close the stopcock on the NaOH buret. Use a funnel to pour near 10 mL of 0. 10 M NaOH into the buret. Remove the buret from the buret clamp and roll the buret in your hold to allow the NaOH to coat the inside of the buret. Discard the rinse into a 30-mL beaker through the stopcock. 11. Return the buret to the buret clamp and close the stopcock. Now fill the buret with 0. 10 M NaOH to one inch above the 0-mL mark. Open the stopcock to drain the buret to 0. 0 mL in the 30-mL beaker, thus removing any air bubbles in the buret tip. Discard the rinse into the sink. 12. Repeat steps 10 and 11 for the HCl buret, using 0. 0 M HCl instead of NaOH. The same 30-mL beaker can be used to collect the drain. (Student 1) Preparation of 0. 10 M KHP(aq) . 13. Using the electronic balance, obtain a sample of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHC8H4O4, KHP) with a mass between 2. 0 g and 2. 1 g. Record the mass of the sample to three decimal places in your notebook. 14. Transfer the KHP sample to the 100-mL volumetric flask, and dissolve in approximately 40 mL of boiled distilled water. Then add boiled distilled water to the flask until the bottom of the meniscus is even with the mark on the neck of the flask. (Use an eyedropper from your desk to add the last few drops of water. ) 15.Stopper the flask, and turn it upside down three or four times to mix the solution totally. Transfer the KHP solution to a wash 250-mL beaker. Label the solution as you have been instructed. 16. Determine the concentration of the KHP solution. Preparation of 0. 025 M KHP / 0. 025 M Phthalate ion Buffer Solution. (Student 1) 17. Use pipet A to transfer 25. 0 mL of the 0. 10 M KHP solution prepared above into a clean 250-mL beaker. Record the volume on the lab report. 18. Use a graduated cylinder to add 25. 0 mL of boiled distilled water to the KHP. Mix the solution thoroughly. (Student 2) 19. Use pipet A to transfer 25. 0 mL of your 0. 10 M KHP solution into a clean 100-mL beaker.Record the volume on the lab report. 20. Read the volume of liquid in the buret to (0. 05 mL. You will need to visualise the last digit remember, buret readings increase from top to bottom. Record the initial buret reading on the lab report. Make certain your eye take is even with the bottom of the meniscus. A piece of white paper behind the buret will assist you in reading the volume. 21. Place the beaker under the tip of the buret and add 25. 0 mL of 0. 10 M NaOH from the buret to the solution. Stir the solution as the NaOH is added to thoroughly mix the solution. Record the final buret reading to (0. 05 mL on the lab report. This solution which you just prepared contains 0 . 50 M phthalate ion. 22. Refill the buret to the 0-mL mark with 0. 10 M NaOH. 23. Pour the phthalate ion solution which you prepared into the 250-mL beaker containing the KHP solution (Step 18, Student 1). Label the solution as Buffer. You have now prepared 100 mL of a buffer solution containing 0. 025 M potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) and 0. 025 M potassium sodium phthalate (phthalate ion). Part II. Measurement of pH and Determination of Buffer Capacity. (Student 1) 1. Transfer 10. 0 mL of 0. 10 M HCl from the buret to a clean 150-mL beaker. Add 10. 0 mL of boiled distilled water to the beaker. Stir the mixture and measure the pH with the pH meter.Record the measurement on the lab report. 2. Place the beaker under the buret containing the 0. 10 M NaOH. Record the initial volume of NaOH in the buret to (0. 05 mL. Add 1. 0 mL of NaOH to the HCl solution. Stir the mixture and destroy the new volume of NaOH in the buret and pH on the lab report. 3. Add another 1. 0 mL of NaOH to t he beaker. Stir and record the volume and pH on the lab report. Repeat this process until a total of 15 mL of NaOH has been added. 4. Discard the solution in the sink. Thoroughly clean the beaker with soap and water. Rinse the beaker in two ways with 5-mL portions of distilled water before proceeding to the next step. (Student 2) 5.Repeat steps 1 4 above using pipet A to transfer 10. 0 mL of 0. 10 M KHP solution to the beaker instead of 10. 0 mL of HCl. (Student 1) 6. Use pipet B to transfer 20. 0 mL of Buffer to a clean 150-mL beaker. Stir the solution and measure the pH with the pH meter. Record the measurement on the lab report. 7. Place the beaker under the buret containing the 0. 10 M NaOH. Record the initial volume of NaOH in the buret to (0. 05 mL. Add 1. 0 mL of NaOH to the buffer solution. Stir the mixture and record the new volume of NaOH in the buret and pH on the lab report. 8. Add another 1. 0 mL of NaOH to the beaker. Stir and record the volume and pH on the lab repo rt.Repeat this process until a total of 10 mL of NaOH has been added. 9. Discard the solution in the sink. Thoroughly clean the beaker with soap and water. Rinse the beaker twice with 5-mL portions of distilled water before proceeding to the next step. (Student 2) 10. Repeat steps 6 9 above using pipet B to transfer 20. 0 mL of Buffer to the beaker. Titrate the buffer with 0. 10 M HCl instead of NaOH. C. Disposal All solutions may be discarded in the sink with plenty of caterpillar track water. D. Data Analysis Use the graphing feature of Microsoft Excel or Vernier Graphical Analysis to create graphs of pH vs. mmol added for each of the four titrations.